COP31 turns to delivery as financing, electrification and coal divide participants

COP31, the annual UN climate summit this month being held in Trkiye's Antalya, has sent a clear message that the era of making ambitious pledges is giving way to the harder task of implementation. Rather than unveiling new targets, participants are focused on translating past commitments into concrete action.

The most closely watched issues at COP31 center on three core challenges: delivering on emissions-reduction targets, mobilizing climate finance, and strengthening adaptation and resilience. Climate finance is widely seen as the hardest issue on which to reach consensus, with developing countries pressing for faster and more predictable support. On